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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник восстановительной медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2078-1962</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2625</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689302</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-5-113-130</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current approaches to the therapy and rehabilitation of patients with postamputation pain: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Актуальные подходы к терапии и реабилитации пациентов с постампутационным болевым синдромом: обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9771-4621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rachin</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рачин</surname><given-names>Сергей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist,<bold> </bold>Executive Director; Postgraduate Student at the Department of Neurology with Courses in Reflexology and Manual Therapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог,<bold> </bold>исполнительный директор; аспирант кафедры неврологии с курсом рефлексологии и мануальной терапии</p></bio><email>rachin.sergei@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-7492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lytkina</surname><given-names>Karina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лыткина</surname><given-names>Карина Арнольдовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Therapeutic Care</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по терапевтической помощи</p></bio><email>rachin.sergei@com-neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-5044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melkonyan</surname><given-names>Georgy G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелконян</surname><given-names>Георгий Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Med.), Professor at the Department of Combined and Combined Injuries; Chief Physician</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры сочетанных и комбинированных повреждений; главный врач</p></bio><email>rachin.sergei@com-neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-6793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Med.), Associate Professor of Department of Hospital Therapy No. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии № 2</p></bio><email>rachin.sergei@com-neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4131-8432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Topolyanskaya</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тополянская</surname><given-names>Светлана Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Med.), Professor at the Department of Hospital Therapy No. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии № 2</p></bio><email>rachin.sergei@com-neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2912-7930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozdova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроздова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>rachin.sergei@com-neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Association of Experts in Comorbid Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальная ассоциация экспертов по коморбидной неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hospital for War Veterans No. 3</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Госпиталь для ветеранов войн № 3</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-15"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-24"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Rachin S.A., Lytkina K.A., Melkonyan G.G., Karpova O.Y., Topolyanskaya S.V., Drozdova E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Рачин С.А., Лыткина К.А., Мелконян Г.Г., Карпова О.Ю., Тополянская С.В., Дроздова Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rachin S.A., Lytkina K.A., Melkonyan G.G., Karpova O.Y., Topolyanskaya S.V., Drozdova E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рачин С.А., Лыткина К.А., Мелконян Г.Г., Карпова О.Ю., Тополянская С.В., Дроздова Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/689302">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/689302</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>INTRODUCTION. </bold>Postamputation pain is a complex, multifactorial condition that significantly reduces the quality of life in patients after limb amputation. According to our data, among 539 patients who underwent amputation at various levels, postamputation pain occurred in 55.3 %, most frequently after below-knee (64.5 %) and above-knee amputations (62.7 %), and less commonly after amputations of the forearm (31.0 %), upper arm (41.7 %), foot (25.8 %) and hand (26.3 %). Despite considerable progress in elucidating its pathophysiology, effective management of postamputation pain remains a major clinical challenge. The issue has gained further relevance due to the growing number of patients with combat-related injuries, particularly high-energy mine-blast injury, underscoring the need for optimal treatment and rehabilitation strategies.</p>&#13;
<p><bold>AIM. </bold>To summarize current data on therapeutic and rehabilitation approaches to postamputation pain within a multimodal strategy, taking into account the pathophysiological type of pain.</p>&#13;
<p><bold>MAIN CONTENT OF THE REVIEW. </bold>This review analyzes current strategies for managing postamputation pain within a multimodal framework. Particular attention is given to pharmacotherapy tailored to the pathophysiological type of pain — nociceptive, neuropathic, nociplastic, or mixed. Non-pharmacological approaches are also discussed, including neurorehabilitation techniques, neuromodulation interventions, and reconstructive surgical procedures. The necessity of a personalized therapeutic plan, with continuous monitoring of pain dynamics and quality-of-life indicators, is emphasized.</p>&#13;
<p><bold>CONCLUSION. </bold>Postamputation pain has a multifactorial and incompletely understood pathogenesis, which supports the potential effectiveness of both conservative and surgical treatment approaches. However, standardized protocols and convincing evidence favoring specific interventions are lacking. Further investigation into the mechanisms underlying this condition will help define optimal therapeutic and rehabilitation strategies for affected patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ.</bold> Постампутационный болевой синдром представляет собой сложную и мультифакториальную проблему, значительно снижающую качество жизни пациентов после ампутации конечности. По нашим данным, распространенность постампутационного болевого синдрома среди пациентов после ампутации конечности составляет 55,3 %, причем чаще он встречается после ампутации голени (64,5 %) и бедра (62,7 %), реже — после ампутации предплечья (31,0 %), плеча (41,7 %), стопы (25,8 %) и кисти (26,3 %). Несмотря на прогресс в изучении патофизиологии постампутационного болевого синдрома, его лечение остается серьезным вызовом. Особую актуальность тема приобретает в связи с ростом числа пациентов с высокоэнергетическими минно-взрывными травмами, что требует разработки эффективных стратегий лечения и реабилитации.</p>&#13;
<p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ. </bold>Обобщить данные о подходах к терапии и реабилитации при постампутационном болевом синдроме в рамках мультимодальной стратегии в зависимости от патогенетического типа боли.</p>&#13;
<p><bold>ОСНОВНОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЗОРА. </bold>В обзоре<bold> </bold>проанализированы современные стратегии терапии постампутационного болевого синдрома в рамках мультимодальной стратегии. Особое внимание уделено фармакотерапии с дифференцированным назначением препаратов в зависимости от патогенетического типа боли (ноцицептивная, нейропатическая, ноципластическая или смешанная). Освещены немедикаментозные методы, включая нейрореабилитационные технологии, нейромодулирующие вмешательства и реконструктивные хирургические методики. Подчеркивается необходимость персонализированного выбора терапевтической тактики с оценкой динамики болевого синдрома и показателей качества жизни.</p>&#13;
<p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ.</bold> Постампутационный болевой синдром имеет многофакторный и недостаточно изученный патогенез, что обусловливает потенциальную эффективность как консервативных, так и хирургических методов лечения. При этом стандартизированные протоколы и убедительные доказательства преимуществ конкретных подходов отсутствуют. Дальнейшее изучение механизмов развития постампутационного болевого синдрома позволит обосновать оптимальные стратегии терапии и реабилитации пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>postamputation pain</kwd><kwd>phantom limb pain</kwd><kwd>residual limb pain</kwd><kwd>high-energy injuries</kwd><kwd>mine-blast injuries</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>постампутационный болевой синдром</kwd><kwd>фантомная боль</kwd><kwd>резидуальная боль</kwd><kwd>высокоэнергетическая травма</kwd><kwd>минно-взрывная травма</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Modest J.M., Raducha J.E., Testa,E. J., et al. Management of Post-Amputation Pain. Rhode Island medical journal (2013). 2020; 103(4): 19–22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Limakatso K., Ndhlovu F., Usenbo A. et al. 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