Issue 4-21, 2022

https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2022-21-4-106-114

Coronavirus Infection in a Child of the First Year of Life: a Case Report

View article (Download PDF file)



Download XML file

1 ORCIDNailya R. Hafizova, 1,2 ORCIDDinara R. Merzlyakova, 1 ORCIDNatalia A. Druzhinina, 1 ORCIDGalina P. Shiryaeva, 1 ORCIDTatiana B. Khayretdinova, 1 ORCIDLiliya R. Imaeva, 1 ORCIDGulnaz A. Vakhitova, 1 ORCIDAliya R. Khabibullina, 1 ORCIDAlfiya I. Nazarova

1 Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation
2 Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital, Ufa, Russian Federation


ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION. Over the past few months, the topic of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children has been evolving at anextraordinary pace, as evidenced by the increasing number of publications on this subject. The disease does not begin to developimmediately, not at the moment the virus enters the body, but after some time, and that is 14-21 days later. This is evidenced by thepresence of IgG antibodies and the absence of RNA virus in the biological loci. Representatives of the Pediatric Intensive Care Society ofGreat Britain felt it necessary to circulate the “PICS Statement”, which contained data on the increasing number of children with a newmultisystem inflammatory disease associated with positive tests for SARS-CoV-2. However, it should be noted that this associationwas confirmed in only some patients by appropriate tests performed in laboratory settings. The course of the disease was similar toa toxic shock syndrome and atypical Kawasaki disease, for which the characteristic symptoms are heart disease, abdominal pain andgastrointestinal symptoms. The patients showed abnormalities in blood parameters, changes in the number of blood corpuscules, thelevel of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, troponin, brain natriuretic propeptide (NT-proBNP) was high.AIM. Using a case study to show the importance of a timely detection, treatment and follow-up of children with a new coronavirusinfection.MATERIAL AND METHODS. The mother of a 3-month-old child (the subject of the study) applied to the follow-up office of theRepublican Children’s Clinical Hospital in Ufa with a history of COVID-19 infection. The following were used to diagnose the currentcondition: copying of data from medical records, clinical examination with assessment of physical and psychomotor development,consultations of single-skilled specialists to make a diagnosis, laboratory and instrumental examinations.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The article presents an observation of a 1-year-old patient with COVID-19 infection complicatedby multisystem inflammatory syndrome, including the Kawasaki syndrome. In this patient, against the background of the thirdhospitalization for COVID-19, a positive dynamics of the course of the disease was achieved with discharge to the outpatient stage oftreatment and follow-up.CONCLUSION. Lesions of organs and organ systems caused by COVID-19 require an integrated approach to diagnosis and managementof patients. Further accumulation of data on diagnosis and clinical course of the new coronavirus infection in children remains an urgentscientific and practical task.


KEYWORDS: SARS-CoV-2, children, multisystem inflammatory response, Kawasaki syndrome, course, treatment

FOR CITATION: Hafizova N.R., Merzlyakova D.R., Druzhinina NA., Shiryaeva G.P., Khayretdinova T.B., Imaeva L.R., Vakhitova G.A., Khabibullina A.R., Nazarova A.I. Coronavirus Infection in a Child of the First Year of Life: a Case Report. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2022; 21 (4): 106-115. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2022-21-4-106-115


References:

  1.  Davies N.G., Klepac P., Liu Y. et al. Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics. Nature Medicine. 2020; 26(8): 1205- 1211. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0962-9
  2. Dong Y., Mo X., Hu Y., Qi X., Jiang F., Jiang Z., Tong S. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in China. Pediatrics. 2020; 145(6): e20200702. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0702
  3. Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., Gu X., Cheng Z., Yu T., Xia J., Wei Y., Wu W., Xie X., Yin W., Li H., Liu M., Xiao Y., Gao H., Guo L., Xie J., Wang G., Jiang R., Gao Z., Jin Q., Wang J., Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  4. Oran D.P., Topol E.J. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2020; 173(5): 362-367. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-3012
  5. Shekerdemian L.S., Mahmood N.R., Wolfe K.K., Riggs B.J., Ross C.E., McKiernan C.A., Heidemann S.M., Kleinman L.C., Sen A.I., Hall M.W., Priestley M.A., McGuire J.K., Boukas K., Sharron M.P., Burns J.P. International COVID-19 PICU Collaborative. Characteristics and Outcomes of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units. JAMA Pediatrics. 2020; 174(9): 868-873. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1948
  6. Wang W., Xu Y., Gao R., Lu R., Han K., Wu G., Tan W. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens. JAMA. 2020; 323(18): 1843- 1844. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3786
  7. Chen H., Guo J., Wang C., Luo F., Yu X., Zhang W., Li J., Zhao D., Xu D., Gong Q., Liao J., Yang H., Hou W., Zhang Y. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020; 395(10226): 809-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3
  8. Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X., Qu J., Gong F., Han Y., Qiu Y., Wang J., Liu Y., Wei Y., Xia J., Yu T., Zhang X., Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
  9. Cummings M.J., Baldwin M.R., Abrams D., Jacobson S.D., Meyer B.J., Balough E.M., Aaron J.G., Claassen J., Rabbani L.E., Hastie J., Hochman B.R., Salazar-Schicchi J., Yip N.H., Brodie D., O’Donnell M.R. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10239): 1763-1770. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31189-2
  10. Gao Y., Li T., Han M., Li X., Wu D., Xu Y., Zhu Y., Liu Y., Wang X., Wang L. Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020; 92(7): 791-796. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25770
  11. Grimaud M., Starck J., Levy M., Marais C., Chareyre J., Khraiche D., Leruez-Ville M., Quartier P., Léger P.L., Geslain G., Semaan N., Moulin F., Bendavid M., Jean S., Poncelet G., Renolleau S., Oualha M. Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children. Annals of Intensive Care. 2020; 10(69). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00690-8
  12. Jenco M. CDC details COVID-19-related inflammatory syndrome in children. American Academy of Pediatrics dedicated to the health and all children. News. 2020.
  13. Reuters S. California latinos contracting COVID-19 at three times rate of whites. Medscape. Health News. 2020.
  14. Schnapp A., Abulhija H., Maly A., Armoni-Weiss G., Levin Y., Faitatziadou S.M., Molho-Pessach V. Introductory histopathological findings may shed light on COVID-19 paediatric hyperinflammatory shock syndrome. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2020; 34(11): e665-e667. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16749
  15. Toubiana J., Poirault C., Corsia A., Bajolle F., Fourgeaud J., Angoulvant F., Debray A., Basmaci R., Salvador E., Biscardi S., Frange P., Chalumeau M., Casanova J.L., Cohen J..F, Allali S. Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study. BMJ. 2020; (369): m2094. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2094
  16. Qiu H., Wu J., Hong L., Luo Y., Song Q., Chen, D. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 2020; 20(6): 689-696. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30198-5
  17. Riphagen S., Gomez X., Gonzalez-Martinez C., Wilkinson N., Theocharis P. Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2020; 395(10237): 1607-1608. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31094-1
  18. Xu Y., Li X., Zhu B., Liang H., Fang C., Gong Y., Guo Q., Sun X., Zhao D., Shen J., Zhang H., Liu H., Xia H., Tang J., Zhang K., Gong S. Character- istics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. Nature Medicine. 2020; 26(4): 502-505. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0817-4
  19. Li W., Cui H., Li K., Fang Y., Li S. Chest computed tomography in children with COVID-19 respiratory infection. Pediatric Radiology. 2020; 50(6): 796- 799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04656-7
  20. FitzGerald G.A. Misguided drug advice for COVID-19. Science. 2020; 367(6485): 1434 p. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8034
  21. Namazova-Baranova L.S., Baranov A.A. COVID-19 and children. Pulmonologiya. 2020; 30(5): 609-628. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-5-609-628 (In Russ.).



Creative Commons License
The content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

©


This is an open article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by the National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology.