Issue 23-6, 2024

Review

https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2024-23-6-119-129

Modern View on the Etiology and Methods of Treatment of Bruxism: а Review

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1 ORCIDElena V. Terentyeva, 2,* ORCIDOlga V. Yurova,3 ORCID Anastasia D. Dubinskaya

1Dental Clinic "Saint Barbara", Moscow, Russia
2 S.I. Spasokukotsky Moscow Centre for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
3 Neuromuscular rehabilitation clinic "Revitonika", Moscow, Russia


ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION. Currently, the prevalence of bruxism ranges from 9 % to 32 % of the total population, of which 6 % to 20 % are adults, while the question of the etiology of bruxism remains open, due to the presence of various theories of the development of this disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. The search was conducted for the period from 2002 to 2024 in the Medline database using the keyword "bruxism" and in the Elibrary database of the scientific electronic library using the keyword "bruxism". Articles that included a systematic review and meta-analysis (17 articles) and randomized clinical trials (26 articles) were analyzed.
MAIN CONTENT OF THE REWIEW. The possible causes of bruxism are considered to be the presence of stress factors, occlusal disharmony, dysfunction of the TMJ, parafunctional activity of the masticatory muscles, genetic factors, the presence of a number of concomitant diseases, taking medications, smoking, which requires an interdisciplinary approach both in the study of the etiology and in the treatment of such a multifarious disease as bruxism. The methods of treatment used in patients with bruxism can be divided into the following groups: intraoral: occlusal correction, occlusal caps, devices for advancing the lower jaw, etc.); intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A; drug therapy; physiotherapy; biofeedback technologies (BFB); behavioral: relaxation techniques, cognitive therapy, psychological counseling; other: alternative or supportive treatments. The main effects of the treatment include: a decrease in muscle activity confirmed by various types of electromyography, a decrease in muscle symptoms such as the level of pain, soreness, discomfort, fatigue, both according to subjective questionnaires and according to clinical examination, as well as a decrease or cessation of tooth attrition or grinding. When choosing one of the intervention options to suppress or reduce the activity of bruxism, it is necessary to take into account the corresponding indications, contraindications and side effects of each treatment option, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient. However, to date, indications for the appointment of various differentiated methods of treating bruxism remain contradictory and, in some cases, insufficiently substantiated, there are no highly effective individualized methods of therapy and prevention of bruxism, while irrational treatment of this pathology can lead to serious health consequences.
CONCLUSION. Timely diagnosis and treatment of bruxism is an urgent problem of modern medicine, which is associated with the multifactorial nature of this disease, which determines the use of a differentiated approach to the treatment of bruxism, in order to normalize the functions of the dental system and the psychoemotional state of patients.


KEYWORDS: bruxism, parafunctions, teeth grinding, tooth attrition

FUNDING: The authors declare no external funding in the conduct of the study.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.

FOR CITATION:

Terentyeva E.V., Yurova O.V., Dubinskaya A.D. Modern View on the Etiology and Methods of Treatment of Bruxism: а Review.
Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2024; 23(6):119-129. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2024-23-119-129 (In Russ.).

FOR CORRESPONDENCE:

Olga V Yurova, Е-mail: irisсlips@gmail.com


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