Bulletin of Rehabilitation MedicineBulletin of Rehabilitation MedicineВестник восстановительной медицины2078-19622713-2625National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology69403710.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-6-110-117ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleCurrent therapeutic strategies for the treatment of radiation-induced skin damages: a literature reviewСовременные терапевтические стратегии лечения радиационно-индуцированных повреждений кожи: обзор литературыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-8470EreminPetr S.ЕрёминПетр Серафимович
Russian Federation

Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Technologies, Department of Biomedical Technologies

научный сотрудник, лаборатория клеточных технологий, отдел биомедицинских технологий

ereminps@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-9244RozhkovaElena A.РожковаЕлена Анатольевна
Russian Federation

D.Sc. (Biol.), Chief Researcher, Department of Biomedical Technologies

доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, отдел биомедицинских технологий

ereminps@gmail.comNational Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and BalneologyНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии Минздрава России171220252461101172210202505112025Copyright ©; 2025, Eremin P.S., Rozhkova E.A.Copyright ©; 2025, Ерёмин П.С., Рожкова Е.А.2025Eremin P.S., Rozhkova E.A.Ерёмин П.С., Рожкова Е.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/694037

INTRODUCTION. Radiation-induced skin damage remains a serious clinical problem, affecting a significant proportion of patients undergoing radiation therapy, as well as individuals exposed to radiation due to accidents or environmental factors. The pathogenesis of such damage is extremely complex and includes both acute and delayed cellular responses — deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular abnormalities, as well as activation of apoptosis, necrosis, and cellular senescence in epidermal and dermal structures.

AIM. To summarize current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced skin damage and evaluate current therapeutic approaches, including regenerative medicine technologies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Dates of access: September–October 2025.

MAIN CONTENT OF THE REVIEW. This review systematizes current data on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of radiation-induced skin damage, including DNA damage, redox homeostasis disruption, inflammatory and vascular responses, apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of new regenerative approaches cellular, acellular, and bioengineered technologies aimed at restoring skin structure and function. The outlooks for the use of mesenchymal stem cells, the cellular component of the stromal-vascular fraction, exosomes, as well as hydrogels and biopolymer coatings are considered.

CONCLUSION. The topic is relevant due to a high incidence of skin complications in patients undergoing radiation therapy and a lack of universal treatment standards. A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms and the development of regenerative technologies offer the potential to create personalized therapeutic protocols aimed at restoring morphofunctional integrity and improving patients’ quality of life.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Радиационно-индуцированные повреждения кожи остаются серьезной клинической проблемой, затрагивая значительную часть пациентов, проходящих курс лучевой терапии, а также лиц, подвергшихся воздействию радиации в результате аварий или экологических факторов. Патогенез таких повреждений чрезвычайно сложен и включает как острые, так и отсроченные клеточные реакции: повреждение дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоты (ДНК), оксидативный стресс, воспаление, сосудистые нарушения, а также активацию процессов апоптоза, некроза и клеточного старения в эпидермальных и дермальных структурах.

ЦЕЛЬ. Обобщить современные представления о молекулярных механизмах, лежащих в основе лучевого поражения кожи, оценить современные терапевтические подходы, включая технологии регенеративной медицины.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Обзор литературных данных проводился по базам данных PubMed и ScienceDirect. Даты запросов: сентябрь–октябрь 2025 г.

ОСНОВНОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЗОРА. В обзоре систематизированы современные данные о молекулярных и клеточных механизмах радиационных поражений кожи, включая повреждение ДНК, нарушение редокс-гомеостаза, воспалительные и сосудистые реакции, апоптоз, некроз и сенесценцию. Особое внимание уделено анализу новых регенеративных подходов — клеточных, бесклеточных и биоинженерных технологий, направленных на восстановление структуры и функции кожи. Рассмотрены перспективы применения мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, клеточного компонента стромально-васкулярной фракции, экзосом, а также гидрогелей и биополимерных покрытий.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Актуальность темы обусловлена высокой частотой кожных осложнений у пациентов, проходящих лучевую терапию, и отсутствием универсальных стандартов их лечения. Комплексное понимание патогенетических механизмов и развитие регенеративных технологий открывают перспективу создания персонализированных терапевтических протоколов, направленных на восстановление морфофункциональной целостности и повышение качества жизни пациентов.

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