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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник восстановительной медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2078-1962</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2625</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">660915</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38025/2078-1962-2026-25-1-75-83</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the effectiveness of therapeutic physical education in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with degenerative spine conditions: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ эффективности применения лечебной физической культуры в лечении и реабилитации пациентов с дегенеративными заболеваниями позвоночника: обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-4008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Miryutova</surname><given-names>Natalia F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирютова</surname><given-names>Наталья Федоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Planning and Development of Medical Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория планирования и разработок медицинских технологий</p></bio><email>nat.mirut@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-4338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gameeva</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамеева</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Med.), Deputy General Director for Medical Services</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заместитель генерального директора по лечебной части</p></bio><email>nat.mirut@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8085-8645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Александра Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Med.), Methodologist, Head of the Department for Work with Branches</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, врач-методист, заведующий отделом по работе с филиалами</p></bio><email>nat.mirut@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9260-0596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tonkoshkurova</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тонкошкурова</surname><given-names>Анна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Med.), Deputy Director for Science, Tomsk Scientific Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель директора по науке, Томский научно-исследовательский институт курортологии и физиотерапии</p></bio><email>nat.mirut@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской реабилитации и курортологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Miryutova N.F., Gameeva E.V., Stepanova A.M., Tonkoshkurova A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Мирютова Н.Ф., Гамеева Е.В., Степанова А.М., Тонкошкурова А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Miryutova N.F., Gameeva E.V., Stepanova A.M., Tonkoshkurova A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мирютова Н.Ф., Гамеева Е.В., Степанова А.М., Тонкошкурова А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/660915">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/660915</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>INTRODUCTION. </bold>Physical education methods are employed widely both in the conservative treatment of degenerative spine conditions and in rehabilitation following surgical interventions.</p> <p><bold>AIM. </bold>To study the effectiveness of physical exercise on the level of pain and functional limitations, bone mineral density, quality of life in patients with degenerative spine conditions, including those who have undergone surgical treatment, by analyzing materials from systematic reviews and meta-analyses.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS. </bold>We studied meta-analyses and systematic reviews published over the past five years (May 2020 — January 2025) on the effectiveness of therapeutic physical education in treating degenerative spine conditions. The following journal articles were reviewed: 128 Russian journals indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) and registered in the Science Index, and 303 articles from foreign journals on the PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, and ResearchGate platforms.</p> <p><bold>MAIN CONTENT OF THE REVIEW. </bold>Analysis of the results of 53 systematic reviews (including 50 with meta-analysis) showed the effectiveness of the use of physical exercises in terms of pain intensity regression, functional restrictions and increasing the level of vital activity of patients with degenerative spine conditions. Moderate- and low-quality evidence was found in favor of physical exercise for chronic non-specific low back pain and low-quality evidence for chronic neck pain. No convincing data were found for acute and subacute low back pain. Individual studies have yielded encouraging results: pain regression in the postoperative period of discectomies (SMD (standardized mean difference): –0.41; 95% CI (confidence interval): –1.01–0.19; <italic>p</italic> = 0.18) and reduced disability (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) were recorded after 3 and 12 months. There is also low-quality evidence that physical exercise improves patients’ quality of life and bone mineral density.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION. </bold>The review presented evidence derived from meta-analyses and systematic reviews of moderate and low quality, which collectively indicated that physical exercise can alleviate the intensity of chronic non-specific pain and functional limitations in individuals diagnosed with degenerative spine disorders. Furthermore, the review suggested that physical exercise can positively impact bone mineral density, quality of life, and the level of working capacity in patients, including those who have undergone surgical treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ.</bold> Методы физической культуры широко применяются как в консервативном лечении дегенеративных заболеваний позвоночника, так и в реабилитации после хирургического лечения.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ.</bold> Изучить эффективность влияния физических упражнений на уровень боли и функциональных ограничений, минеральную плотность костей, качество жизни у пациентов с дегенеративными заболеваниями позвоночника, в том числе после хирургического лечения, путем анализа материалов системных обзоров и метаанализов.</p> <p><bold>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ.</bold> Проведено изучение материалов метаанализов и систематических обзоров за последние 5 лет (май 2020 г. — январь 2025 г.), посвященных вопросам оценки эффективности использования лечебной физической культуры при дегенеративных заболеваниях позвоночника. Рассматривались журнальные статьи: 128 российских журналов, индексируемых в РИНЦ, зарегистрированных в Science Index, и статьи 303 зарубежных журналов на платформах PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, ResearchGate.</p> <p><bold>ОСНОВНОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЗОРА.</bold> Анализ результатов 53 систематических обзоров, в том числе 50 с метаанализом, показал эффективность применения физических упражнений в плане регресса интенсивности болевого синдрома, функциональных ограничений и повышения уровня жизнедеятельности больных с дегенеративными заболеваниями позвоночника. Получены доказательства среднего и низкого качества в пользу физических упражнений при хронической неспецифической боли в пояснице и низкого качества при хронической боли в шее. При острой и подострой боли в пояснице убедительных данных не выявлено. В единичных исследованиях получены обнадеживающие результаты: регресс боли в послеоперационном периоде дискэктомий (SMD (стандартизованная разность средних): –0,41; 95%-й доверительный интервал (95% ДИ): –1,01–0,19; <italic>p</italic> = 0,18) и снижение нетрудоспособности (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,001) зафиксированы через 3 и 12 месяцев. Получены также доказательства низкого качества того, что физические упражнения повышают качество жизни больных и минеральную плотность костной ткани.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ.</bold> Обзор представил доказательства, основанные на результатах метаанализов и систематических обзоров, среднего и низкого качества того, что физические упражнения при дегенеративных заболеваниях позвоночника позволяют снижать интенсивность хронической неспецифической боли и функциональные ограничения в области позвоночника, а также позитивно влияют на минеральную плотность костной ткани, качество жизни и уровень трудоспособности больных, в том числе перенесших хирургическое лечение.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spine</kwd><kwd>degenerative conditions</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>physical exercises</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>позвоночник</kwd><kwd>дегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>физические упражнения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Khalid S., Ekram S., Ramzan F., et al. 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