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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник восстановительной медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2078-1962</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2625</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">705046</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38025/2078-1962-2026-25-3-83-92</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">AI in physical rehabilitation of traumatological and orthopedic patients: existing technologies and their clinical effectiveness. A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Искусственный интеллект в физической реабилитации пациентов травматолого-ортопедического профиля: современные технологии и клиническая эффективность. Обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-5814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurlygayanov</surname><given-names>Radik Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нурлыгаянов</surname><given-names>Радик Зуфарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры медицинской реабилитации, физической терапии и спортивной медицины</p></bio><email>radiknur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3420-8400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmutdinova</surname><given-names>Lira T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильмутдинова</surname><given-names>Лира Талгатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой медицинской реабилитации, физической терапии и спортивной медицины</p></bio><email>radiknur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-124X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenkova</surname><given-names>Larisa A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченкова</surname><given-names>Лариса Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Office of Scientific Research, Chief Researcher, Unit of Somatic Rehabilitation, Reproductive Health and Active Longevity, Professor at the Department of Restorative Medicine, Physical Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, руководитель научно-исследовательского управления, главный научный сотрудник, отдел соматической реабилитации, репродуктивного здоровья и активного долголетия, профессор кафедры восстановительной медицины, физической терапии и медицинской реабилитации</p></bio><email>radiknur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5195-6729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>Julia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>Юлия Альбертовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Pharmacology with a Course of Clinical Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии с курсом клинической фармакологии</p></bio><email>radiknur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-1737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmutdinov</surname><given-names>Bulat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильмутдинов</surname><given-names>Булат Рашитович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры медицинской реабилитации, физической терапии и спортивной медицины</p></bio><email>radiknur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-6124</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmutdinov</surname><given-names>Aydar R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильмутдинов</surname><given-names>Айдар Рашитович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Med.), Professor at the Department of Surgical Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры хирургических болезней</p></bio><email>radiknur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3021-1808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Faizova</surname><given-names>Elvira R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаизова</surname><given-names>Эльвира Раилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры медицинской реабилитации, физической терапии и спортивной медицины</p></bio><email>radiknur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-6053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>Evgenia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Евгения Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Tech.), Associate Professor at the Department of Physics of Advanced Technologies and Materials Science, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Systems Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры физики перспективных технологий и материаловедения, Институт искусственного интеллекта, робототехники и системной инженерии</p></bio><email>radiknur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-6875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurlygayanova</surname><given-names>Dinara R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нурлыгаянова</surname><given-names>Динара Радиковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4th-Year Student, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Systems Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 4-го курса, Институт искусственного интеллекта, робототехники и системной инженерии</p></bio><email>radiknur@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-25"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Nurlygayanov R.Z., Gilmutdinova L.T., Marchenkova L.A., Bogdanova J.A., Gilmutdinov B.R., Gilmutdinov A.R., Faizova E.R., Semenova E.V., Nurlygayanova D.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Нурлыгаянов Р.З., Гильмутдинова Л.Т., Марченкова Л.А., Богданова Ю.А., Гильмутдинов Б.Р., Гильмутдинов А.Р., Фаизова Э.Р., Семенова Е.В., Нурлыгаянова Д.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nurlygayanov R.Z., Gilmutdinova L.T., Marchenkova L.A., Bogdanova J.A., Gilmutdinov B.R., Gilmutdinov A.R., Faizova E.R., Semenova E.V., Nurlygayanova D.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нурлыгаянов Р.З., Гильмутдинова Л.Т., Марченкова Л.А., Богданова Ю.А., Гильмутдинов Б.Р., Гильмутдинов А.Р., Фаизова Э.Р., Семенова Е.В., Нурлыгаянова Д.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/705046">https://journals.eco-vector.com/2078-1962/article/view/705046</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>INTRODUCTION. </bold>Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning represent a promising approach in the rehabilitation of trauma and orthopedic patients. The integration of predictive models and adaptive algorithms into rehabilitation practices enables personalized rehabilitation treatment and improves functional outcomes.</p> <p><bold>AIM. </bold>To systematize and assess the evidence base for the use of AI technologies in the rehabilitation of patients following orthopedic and trauma interventions, including joint replacement, fracture fixation, and spinal surgery.</p> <p><bold>М</bold><bold>ATERIALS AND METHODS.</bold> A narrative review of publications devoted to the use of machine learning algorithms, deep learning, convolutional and recurrent neural networks in the rehabilitation of traumatological and orthopedic patients was carried out. The search for sources was carried out between June 2025 and January 2026 in the international databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection for the period from January 2014 to February 2024. Studies were analyzed that included predictive models of functional outcomes, motion monitoring systems, and the prediction of complications and hospital stay. A primary search yielded 1247 publications, after removing duplicates and sequentially selecting by inclusion and exclusion criteria, 43 sources were selected for the final analysis, which formed the basis of this review.</p> <p><bold>М</bold><bold>AIN CONTENT OF THE REVIEW. </bold>Machine learning algorithms demonstrated high predictive accuracy in predicting functional outcomes after hip and knee arthroplasty (AUC 0.852–0.98), assessing fracture union (accuracy up to 0.98), predicting postoperative complications (AUC 0.810–0.835), and length of hospital stay (AUC 0.82–0.98). Hybrid CNN-RNN architectures outperformed traditional machine learning methods in predicting rehabilitation success: the weighted F1 score increased from 65 % to 74 %, and the mean absolute error decreased by 12 %. Random forest models achieved 90 % accuracy in predicting patient discharge. Wearable sensors with AI platforms provide personalized monitoring of motor patterns in real time.</p> <p><bold>С</bold><bold>ONCLUSION. </bold>Artificial intelligence technologies in the rehabilitation of trauma and orthopedic patients have moved beyond experimental development and demonstrated real clinical value. The most significant predictors of functional recovery are age, functional status, range of motion, and cognitive status of the patient. Large-scale prospective studies with a high level of methodological rigor are needed for widespread clinical implementation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ.</bold> Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) и машинное обучение представляют перспективное направление в медицинской реабилитации пациентов травматолого-ортопедического профиля. Интеграция предиктивных моделей и адаптивных алгоритмов в реабилитационную практику позволяет персонализировать восстановительное лечение и улучшать функциональные исходы.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ.</bold> Систематизировать и оценить доказательную базу применения технологий ИИ в реабилитации пациентов после травматолого-ортопедических вмешательств — эндопротезирования суставов, хирургической фиксации переломов и операций на позвоночнике.</p> <p><bold>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. </bold>Проведен нарративный обзор публикаций, посвященных использованию алгоритмов машинного обучения, глубокого обучения, сверточных и рекуррентных нейронных сетей в реабилитации травматолого-ортопедических пациентов. Поиск источников осуществлялся с июня 2025 по январь 2026 г. в международных базах данных PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus и Web of Science Core Collection с января 2014 по февраль 2024 г. Анализировались исследования, включавшие предиктивные модели функциональных исходов, систем мониторинга движений, прогнозирования осложнений и длительности госпитализации. Первичный поиск выявил 1247 публикаций, после удаления дубликатов и последовательного отбора по критериям включения и исключения в окончательный анализ было отобрано 43 источника, которые легли в основу настоящего обзора.</p> <p><bold>ОСНОВНОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЗОРА.</bold> Алгоритмы машинного обучения продемонстрировали высокую прогностическую точность в предсказании функциональных исходов после эндопротезирования тазобедренного и коленного суставов (AUC 0,852–0,98), оценке консолидации переломов (точность составила до 0,98), прогнозировании послеоперационных осложнений (AUC 0,810–0,835) и длительности госпитализации (AUC 0,82–0,98). Гибридные архитектуры CNN-RNN превзошли традиционные методы машинного обучения в прогнозировании успешности реабилитации: взвешенный F1-показатель вырос с 65 % до 74 %, средняя абсолютная ошибка снизилась на 12 %. Модели случайного леса обеспечили точность 90 % при предсказании выписки пациентов домой. Носимые сенсоры с ИИ-платформами обеспечивают персонализированный мониторинг двигательных паттернов в режиме реального времени.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ.</bold> Технологии ИИ в реабилитации пациентов травматолого-ортопедического профиля вышли за рамки экспериментальных разработок и продемонстрировали реальную клиническую ценность. Наиболее значимыми предикторами функционального восстановления являются возраст, функциональный статус, объем движений и когнитивный статус пациента. Для широкого клинического внедрения необходимы масштабные проспективные исследования с высоким уровнем методологической строгости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>аrtificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>medical rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>bone fractures</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>functional outcomes</kwd><kwd>predictive models</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>медицинская реабилитация</kwd><kwd>переломы костей</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>функциональные исходы</kwd><kwd>прогностические модели</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Николаев Н.С., Преображенская Е.В., Петрова Р.В., Андреева В.Э. Полный цикл медицинской реабилитации пациентов после травматолого-ортопедических операций на примере профильного федерального центра. 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