Выпуск 24-5, 2025

Обзорная статья

Иммунологические аспекты физиотерапии по данным клинических исследований: обзор



ORCID Вологжанин Д.А. 3, ORCID Голота А.С. 3,*, ORCID Игнатенко А.-М.И. 3, ORCID Камилова Т.А. 3, ORCID Ковлен Д.В. 2, Усикова Е.В. 3, ORCID Щербак С.Г. 1,3

1 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
2 Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова Минобороны России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
3 Городская больница № 40 Курортного административного района, Санкт-Петербург, Россия


РЕЗЮМЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ.  Физиотерапевтические вмешательства применяются обычно на этапе реабилитации или как дополнение к основной (фармакологической или хирургической) терапии пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями или острыми состояниями. Интерес к иммунологическим аспектам физиотерапии быстро возрастает.

ЦЕЛЬ.  Обобщить данные по иммунологическим аспектам физиотерапии, представленные в зарубежных публикациях последних пяти лет.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ.  Поиск проводился в базах PubMed и Google Scholar с использованием ключевых слов: physiotherapy, immunology, innate immunity, acquired immunity, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, clinical trials. Из 207 найденных статей после применения критериев исключения отобрано 66 исследований.

ОСНОВНОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЗОРА.  Хронические заболевания, а также последствия травматических поражений характеризуются хроническим воспалением и иммунным дисбалансом. Несмотря на впечатляющие клинические успехи реабилитации, оно не всегда эффективно у некоторых пациентов, что подчеркивает необходимость понимания и преодоления механизмов терапевтической рефрактерности. Подобно другим терапевтическим средствам, физиотерапия сталкивается с трудностями прогнозирования ответа пациентов на вмешательство. Предполагается, что благотворное влияние физиотерапии связано с ее противовоспалительными, цитопротекторными и антиоксидантными свойствами и синергическим воздействием на иммунные функции. В нашей обзорной статье кратко рассмотрены клинические исследования с примерами, в которых показано влияние физиотерапевтических воздействий на популяционную структуру иммунной системы и секрецию цитокинов. Материал обзора структурирован по основным методам физиотерапии, как традиционным (массаж, лечение теплом, холодом, водой, ультразвуком, лазером, магнитным полем, гипербарическая оксигенация, пелоидотерапия), так и более новым (термическая и механическая абляция высокоинтенсивным ультразвуком).

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ.  Представленные в обзоре материалы позволяют по-новому взглянуть на возможности физиотерапевтического влияния на врожденный и приобретенный иммунитет, их клеточный и гуморальный компоненты. Исследования в этом направлении еще только начинаются. Для разработки рекомендаций по безопасному применению иммуномодулирующей физиотерапии в контексте конкретных патологий необходимы дальнейшие масштабные клинические исследования. Кроме того, для точной интерпретации и использования данных физиотерапевты должны получить дополнительные знания в области иммунологии, в настоящее время выходящие за рамки их компетенции.


КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: физиотерапия, иммунология, врожденный иммунитет, приобретенный иммунитет, клеточный иммунитет, гуморальный иммунитет, клинические исследования

ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ:

Вологжанин Д.А., Голота А.С., Игнатенко А.-М.И., Камилова Т.А., Ковлен Д.В., Усикова Е.В., Щербак С.Г. Иммунологические аспекты физиотерапии по данным клинических исследований: обзор. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2025; 24(5):73–83. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-5-73-83 [Vologzhanin D.A., Golota A.S., Ignatenko A. M.I., Kamilova T.A., Kovlen D.V., Usikova E.V., Shcherbak S.G. Immunological Aspects of Physiotherapy According to the Latest Clinical Studies: a Review. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2025; 24(5):73–83. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-5-73-83 (In Russ.).] 

ДЛЯ КОРРЕСПОНДЕНЦИИ:

Голота Александр Сергеевич, Е-mail: golotaa@yahoo.com


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