Выпуск 24-6, 2025
Обзорная статья
Современные терапевтические стратегии лечения радиационно-индуцированных повреждений кожи: обзор литературы
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
РЕЗЮМЕ
ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Радиационно-индуцированные повреждения кожи остаются серьезной клинической проблемой, затрагивая значительную часть пациентов, проходящих курс лучевой терапии, а также лиц, подвергшихся воздействию радиации в результате аварий или экологических факторов. Патогенез таких повреждений чрезвычайно сложен и включает как острые, так и отсроченные клеточные реакции: повреждение дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоты (ДНК), оксидативный стресс, воспаление, сосудистые нарушения, а также активацию процессов апоптоза, некроза и клеточного старения в эпидермальных и дермальных структурах.
ЦЕЛЬ. Обобщить современные представления о молекулярных механизмах, лежащих в основе лучевого поражения кожи, оценить современные терапевтические подходы, включая технологии регенеративной медицины.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Обзор литературных данных проводился по базам данных PubMed и ScienceDirect. Даты запросов: сентябрь–октябрь 2025 г.
ОСНОВНОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЗОРА. В обзоре систематизированы современные данные о молекулярных и клеточных механизмах радиационных поражений кожи, включая повреждение ДНК, нарушение редокс-гомеостаза, воспалительные и сосудистые реакции, апоптоз, некроз и сенесценцию. Особое внимание уделено анализу новых регенеративных подходов — клеточных, бесклеточных и биоинженерных технологий, направленных на восстановление структуры и функции кожи. Рассмотрены перспективы применения мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, клет
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Актуальность темы обусловлена высокой частотой кожных осложнений у пациентов, проходящих лучевую терапию, и отсутствием универсальных стандартов их лечения. Комплексное понимание патогенетических механизмов и развитие регенеративных технологий открывают перспективу создания персонализированных терапевтических протоколов, направленных на восстановление морфофункциональной целостности и повышение качества жизни пациентов.
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: радиационно-индуцированные повреждения кожи, оксидативный стресс, клеточное старение, ме-зенхимальные стволовые клетки, стромально-васкулярная фракция, экзосомы, регенеративная медицина, тканевая инженерия
ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ: Ерёмин П.С., Рожкова Е.А. Современные терапевтические стратегии лечения радиационно- индуцированных повреждений кожи: обзор литературы. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2025; 24(6):110–117. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-6-110-117 [Eremin P.S., Rozhkova E.A. Current Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Radiation-Induced Skin Damages: a Literature Review. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2025; 24(6):110–117. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-6-110-117 (In Russ.).]
ДЛЯ КОРРЕСПОНДЕНЦИИ:
Ерёмин Пётр Серафимович, Email: ereminps@gmail.com, ereminps@nmicrk.ru
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