Review of the Elemental Status in Blood Serum in Patients with Ischemic Stroke

¹ Aksana N. Mazilina, ^1,3 Anatoliy V. Skalny, ^2,4 Anatoliy D. Fesyun, ^2,3 Maxim Yu. Yakovlev, ³ Sergey A. Savko, ³ Evegeniya D. Namiot

¹ Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
² National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russian Federation
³ I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
⁴ Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russian Federation

Abstract:

The study of the elemental status in the modern paradigm of medical diagnostics occupies an increasingly large niche due to thepossible use of trace elements as possible predictors of cerebrovascular pathologies. Moreover, the great importance of the elementalcomponent in the main enzymatic systems of metabolism allows us to consider them also as a therapeutic target. There are manymechanisms in the pathophysiology of stroke development, each of which, in one way or another, is mediated through the interactionof regulatory proteins with trace elements as cofactors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to elemental homeostasis inthe focus of ischemic pathologies.Aim. Systematization of the known pathogenetic eff ects of the most metabolic homeostasis important elements on the course of stroke,both contributing factors to earlier rehabilitation and minimal neurological defi cit after the ischemic event itself, and factors aggravatingthe recovery process and leading to serious neurological consequences. This pursues not only a prognostic goal to determine theseverity of ischemia or to identify risk groups with certain shifts in elemental constants, but also the therapeutic one — to replace thefalling functions of the dropping metabolic agents, as happens with the elements involved in antioxidant systems. It is also necessaryto develop a methodology for stopping the excess of nerve cells mediating excitotoxicity with calcium ions, which closes the viciouscircle of vascular necrosis with additional destruction of the nervous tissue.Conclusion. The conclusions that we can summarize quite convincingly indicate a signifi cant contribution of the elemental status tothe pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Dysregulation of the elemental component can force the damaging eff ect of ischemia on braincells. At the same time, many elements show a surplus during an ischemic event: Li, I, Mn, Zn, As, Se, Pb, Sr, Ni, however, not all of thepresented elements negatively aff ect the course of stroke, since an increase in the level of some metals may be compensatory in nature,and for their further applicability as diagnostic and therapeutic agents, similar analytics are required.

Keywords: stroke, trace elements, elementary homeostasis, ischemia

For citation: Mazilina A.N., Skalny A.V., Fesyun A.D., Yakovlev M.Yu., Savko S.A., Namiot D.E. Review of the Elemental Status in Blood Serum in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2022; 21 (1):104-113. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2022-21-1-104-113

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