Выпуск 24-1, 2025

https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-1-91-102

Влияние физических нагрузок на иммунную систему в норме и при различных заболеваниях: обзор

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1,3 ORCIDВологжанин Д.А., 3,* ORCIDГолота А.С., 3 ORCIDИгнатенко А.-М.И., 3 ORCIDКамилова Т.А., 2 ORCIDКовлен Д.В., 3Усикова Е.В., 1,3 ORCIDЩербак С.Г.

1 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
2 Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова Минобороны России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
3 Городская больница № 40 Курортного района, Санкт-Петербург, Россия


РЕЗЮМЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Регулярные физические упражнения оказывают благотворное воздействие на здоровье, влияя на все системы органов и снижая заболеваемость. Активность мышечных волокон во время упражнений способствует снижению уровней воспалительных маркеров и стимуляции противовоспалительных реакций. Способность поддерживать гомеостаз во время упражнений и адаптация к тренировкам зависят от физической подготовленности, сопутствующих заболеваний и других факторов, поэтому программа упражнений должна быть индивидуальной.

ОСНОВНОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЗОРА. Активация иммунной системы в ответ на физическую нагрузку опосредуется системой цитокинов, основным источником которых являются сами скелетные мышцы. Цитокины, продуцируемые миоцитами (миокины) во время мышечного сокращения, играют ключевую роль в обеспечении связи между работающими мышцами и другими органами и тканями. В многочисленных исследованиях показан положительный эффект тренировок умеренной интенсивности на секрецию миокинов. У людей, страдающих хроническими инфекционными или неинфекционными заболеваниями, обычно наблюдаются системное воспаление слабой степени и низкие уровни циркулирующих миокинов. Тренировки умеренной интенсивности оказывают противовоспалительное действие при воспалительных состояниях и заболеваниях. Физические упражнения являются популярным нефармакологическим дополнением к традиционным методам лечения и реабилитации при многих заболеваниях.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Понимание взаимосвязи между модальностями упражнений и миокиновой реакцией помогает оптимизировать рекомендации по лечению и реабилитации для групп пациентов с различными потребностями, например пациентов с онкологическими и хроническими воспалительными заболеваниями или синдромами поствирусной инфекции.


КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: физические упражнения, воспаление, цитокин, миокин, скелетные мышцы, реабилитация, хронические воспалительные заболевания

ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ:

Вологжанин Д.А., Голота А.С., Игнатенко А.-М.И., Камилова Т.А., Ковлен Д.В., Усикова Е.В., Щербак С.Г. Влияние физических нагрузок на иммунную систему в норме и при различных заболеваниях: обзор. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2025; 24(1):91–102. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-1-91-102 [Vologzhanin D.A., Golota A.S., Ignatenko A.-M.I., Kamilova T.A., Kovlen D.V., Usikova E.V., Shcherbak S.G. Effect of Physical Activity on the Immune System in the Normal State and in Various Diseases: a Review. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2025; 24(1):91–102. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2025-24-1-91-102 (In Russ.).] 

ДЛЯ КОРРЕСПОНДЕНЦИИ: Голота Александр Сергеевич, Е-mail: golotaa@yahoo.com, b40@zdrav.spb.ru


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