Выпуск №1-83, 2018

Роль митохондрий в профилактической, восстановительной и спортивной медицине

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1 Шендеров Б.А.

1 ФБУН Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского Роспотребнадзора, Москва, Россия


РЕЗЮМЕ

Клетки взрослого человека содержат до 1016 митохондрий, играющих фундаментальную роль в генерации 90%клеточной энергии (АТФ) за счет трансформации энергетических субстратов в присутствии кислорода. Одновременно в митохондриях формируются различные деструктивные окислительные радикалы. Митохондрии такжеактивно участвуют в метаболизме кальция, в реализации устойчивости клеток к действию различных стрессовыхагентов, в пролиферации и апоптозе клеток, инициируют воспаление, осуществляют синтез, внутри- и межклеточный перенос сигнальной информации и множество других функций. Митохондриальные белки кодируются генами,локализованными как в ядерной, так и в митохондриальной ДНК (мтДНК). Многообразие эффектов, вызываемыхмитохондриями, послужили основанием рассматривать «митобиоту» и микробиоту как единую функциональнуюструктуру, регулирующую гомеостаз организма хозяина через биоэнергетические, эпигенетические, метаболические, эндокринные, иммунные и нейро-гуморальные связи. Нарушения количества, генетической целостности,ультраструктурные изменения митохондрий и их гомеостаз связывают со многими метаболическими заболеваниями и ускоренным старением. Для их профилактики и лечения используют различные функциональные продуктыпитания, диетические и молекулярные приемы (микроинъекция митохондриальных субъединиц, объединение цитоплазматических органелл, перенос фрагментов мтДНК и ядерной ДНК в здоровые или больные клетки, использование специфических эндонуклеаз и так далее).


КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: митохондрии, генетика, эпигенетика, митохондриальные функции, митохондриальная медицина, диета, функциональные нутриенты, молекулярная коррекция, искусственный перенос митохондрий



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